HUBUNGAN PROTEINURIA DAN GLUKOSURIA PADA IBU HAMIL USIA GESTASI 24–28 MINGGU: STUDI POTONG LINTANG PADA KELOMPOK DIABETES MELITUS GESTASIONAL DAN NON-DMG
Keywords:
proteinuria, glucosuria, pregnant women, gestational diabetes mellitusAbstract
Background: Proteinuria occurs when protein molecules pass through the glomerular membrane, while glucosuria refers to the presence of glucose in the urine due to decreased glucose reabsorption in the proximal tubule. Urinalysis for proteinuria and glucosuria plays an important role in identifying pregnant women at risk of pregnancy-related conditions, such as pre-eclampsia and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Evaluating the relationship between these two findings may provide clinically relevant information for risk stratification during pregnancy.
Objective: This study aimed to determine the association between proteinuria and glucosuria among pregnant women, both in the gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and non-GDM groups.
Methods: This study employed a cross-sectional observational design. The subjects were pregnant women attending primary health care centers in Pengasih, Bambanglipuro, Wates, Kotagede, Umbulharjo, Mlati 1, and Wonosari from September 2018 to March 2019. Inclusion criteria were pregnant women with a gestational age of 24–28 weeks, while those with pregestational diabetes mellitus were excluded. Consecutive sampling was used. Data on proteinuria and glucosuria were analyzed descriptively, and the association between proteinuria and glucosuria was assessed using the Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test.
Results: A total of 207 pregnant women were included, with most subjects at 24 weeks of gestation (33%), without a family history of diabetes mellitus (92%) or hypertension (96%). Glucosuria was found in 14.49% of all pregnant women, and 30% of these were diagnosed with GDM. Proteinuria was observed in 42.03% of all pregnant women, with 11.49% diagnosed with GDM. A significant association between proteinuria and glucosuria was found in all pregnant women (p = 0.011) and in the non-GDM group (p = 0.043), whereas no significant association was observed in the GDM group (p = 0.198).
Conclusion: There was a significant association between proteinuria and glucosuria among all pregnant women and in the non-GDM group, but not in the GDM group. These findings suggest that routine urinalysis may have potential value as an early screening tool for identifying renal or metabolic alterations during pregnancy in primary health care settings. Further studies with a larger number of subjects in the GDM group are warranted.
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